//! Multiplicity of fields (Items and Arguments)
//!
//! This module supports type-based handling of multiplicity,
//! of Items (within Documents) and Arguments (in Item keyword lines).
//!
//! It is **for use by macros**, rather than directly.
//!
//! See also `encode::multiplicity` which is the corresponding module for encoding.
//!
//! # Explanation
//!
//! We use autoref specialisation to allow macros to dispatch to
//! trait impls for `Vec<T: ItemValueParseable>`, `Option<T>` etc.
//! as well as simply unadorned `T`.
//!
//! We implement traits on a helper type `struct `[`MultiplicitySelector<Field>`].
//!
//! For Items we have `trait `[`ItemSetMethods`].
//!
//! `ItemSetMethods` is implemented for `MultiplicitySelector<Field>`
//! for each supported `Field`.
//! So, for `MultiplicitySelector<T>`, `MultiplicitySelector<Option<T>>`, and `MultiplicitySelector<Vec<T>>`.
//! *But*, for just `T`, the impl is on `&MultiplicitySelector<T>`.
//!
//! When methods on `MultiplicitySelector` are called, the compiler finds
//! the specific implementation for `MultiplicitySelector<Option<_>>` or `..Vec<_>`,
//! or, failing that, derefs and finds the blanket impl on `&MultiplicitySelector<T>`.
//!
//! For Arguments we have [`ArgumentSetMethods`],
//! and for Objects, [`ObjectSetMethods`],
//! which work similarly.
//!
//! (We need separate traits for each of the kinds of netdoc element,
//! for good support of inference in the derive macro.
//! Type inference is particularly difficult during parsing, since we need the type
//! information to flow from the field type, which is the *destination*
//!  to which a value is going to be stored.)

use super::*;
use crate::types::RetainedOrderVec;

#[cfg(doc)]
use crate::encode;

/// Helper type that allows us to select an impl of `ItemSetMethods` etc.
///
/// **For use by macros**.
///
/// See the [module-level docs](multiplicity).
///
/// This is distinct from `encode::MultiplicitySelector`,
/// principally because it has the opposite variance.
#[derive(Educe)]
#[educe(Clone, Copy, Default)]
pub struct MultiplicitySelector<Field>(PhantomData<fn() -> Field>);

/// Helper type that allows us to implement Debug
///
/// Returned by [`ItemSetMethods::item_set_debug`] etc.,
/// using information from [`ItemSetMethods::debug_core`] etc.
#[derive(derive_more::Debug)]
#[debug("{}={}", self.0, self.1)]
#[allow(dead_code)] // yes, they are only read by the Debug impl - that's what they're for!
struct DebugHelper(
    /// scope, eg `items`
    &'static str,
    /// multiplicity type pattern, eg `Vec<_>` or `1`
    &'static str,
);

/// Methods for handling some multiplicity of Items, during parsing
///
/// **For use by macros**.
///
/// During parsing, we accumulate into a value of type `Option<Self::Field>`.
/// The semantics of this are item-set-implementation-dependent;
/// using a type which is generic over the field type in a simple way
/// allows the partially-parsed accumulation state for a whole netdoc to have a concrete type.
///
/// See the [module-level docs](multiplicity), and
/// [Field type in `NetdocParseable`](derive_deftly_template_NetdocParseable#field-type).
///
/// # Example
///
/// The code in the (derive) macro output is roughly like this:
///
/// ```
/// use tor_netdoc::parse2::multiplicity::{MultiplicitySelector, ItemSetMethods as _};
///
/// let selector = MultiplicitySelector::<Vec<i32>>::default();
/// let mut accum = None;
/// selector.accumulate(&mut accum, 12).unwrap();
/// let out = selector.finish(accum, "item-set").unwrap();
///
/// assert_eq!(out, [12]);
/// ```
//
// When implementing this, update the documentation in the `NetdocParseable` derive.
pub trait ItemSetMethods: Copy + Sized {
    /// The value for each Item.
    ///
    /// Should match the corresponding
    /// [`encode::MultiplicityMethods::Each`].
    /// (See docs there for rationale.)
    type Each: Sized;

    /// The output type: the type of the field in the netdoc struct.
    type Field: Sized;

    /// Can we accumulate another item ?
    ///
    /// Can be used to help predict whether `accumulate` will throw.
    fn can_accumulate(self, acc: &Option<Self::Field>) -> Result<(), EP>;

    /// Accumulate one value into the accumulator.
    fn accumulate(self, acc: &mut Option<Self::Field>, one: Self::Each) -> Result<(), EP>;

    /// Multiplicity representation for `#[deftly(netdoc(debug))]` output, core
    ///
    /// Should generally be in a form like `Vec<_>`.
    ///
    /// See also [`ItemSetMethods::item_set_debug`], which is what the derives call.
    //
    // This can't be a `Debug` supertrait, because that won't work
    // with the `&'_ MultiplicitySelector<T>` impl.
    fn debug_core(self) -> &'static str;

    /// Multiplicity representation for `#[deftly(netdoc(debug))]` output
    ///
    /// This adds a bit framing and type-fu that allows the derive macro's
    /// call to be as simple as possible.
    ///
    /// See also [`ItemSetMethods::debug_core`], which is what each multiplicity implements.
    //
    // dtrace!, which we use for debugging in the parser macros, doesn't print variable names,
    // thinking things are probably obvious enough.  But for the elector here we want to
    // include `items=`.
    fn item_set_debug(self) -> impl Debug {
        DebugHelper("items", self.debug_core())
    }

    /// Resolve the accumulator into the output.
    fn finish(
        self,
        acc: Option<Self::Field>,
        item_keyword: &'static str,
    ) -> Result<Self::Field, EP>;

    /// If the contained type is a sub-document, call its `is_intro_item_keyword`.
    fn is_intro_item_keyword(self, kw: KeywordRef<'_>) -> bool
    where
        Self::Each: NetdocParseable,
    {
        Self::Each::is_intro_item_keyword(kw)
    }

    /// If the contained type is a sub-document, call its `is_structural_keyword`.
    fn is_structural_keyword(self, kw: KeywordRef<'_>) -> Option<IsStructural>
    where
        Self::Each: NetdocParseable,
    {
        Self::Each::is_structural_keyword(kw)
    }

    /// `finish` for if the contained type is a wsub-document
    ///
    /// Obtain the sub-document's intro keyword from its `doctype_for_error`.
    fn finish_subdoc(self, acc: Option<Self::Field>) -> Result<Self::Field, EP>
    where
        Self::Each: NetdocParseable,
    {
        self.finish(acc, Self::Each::doctype_for_error())
    }

    /// Check that the element type is an Item
    ///
    /// For providing better error messages when struct fields don't implement the right trait.
    /// See `derive.rs`, and search for this method name.
    fn check_item_value_parseable(self)
    where
        Self::Each: ItemValueParseable,
    {
    }
    /// Check that the element type is a Signature
    fn check_signature_item_parseable<H>(self, _: &mut H)
    where
        Self::Each: SignatureItemParseable,
        H: AsMut<<Self::Each as SignatureItemParseable>::HashAccu>,
    {
    }
    /// Check that the element type is a sub-document
    fn check_subdoc_parseable(self)
    where
        Self::Each: NetdocParseable,
    {
    }
    /// Check that the element type is an argument
    fn check_item_argument_parseable(self)
    where
        Self::Each: ItemArgumentParseable,
    {
    }
}
impl<T> ItemSetMethods for MultiplicitySelector<Vec<T>> {
    type Each = T;
    type Field = Vec<T>;
    // We always have None, or Some(nonempty)
    fn can_accumulate(self, _acc: &Option<Vec<T>>) -> Result<(), EP> {
        Ok(())
    }
    fn accumulate(self, acc: &mut Option<Vec<T>>, item: T) -> Result<(), EP> {
        acc.get_or_insert_default().push(item);
        Ok(())
    }
    fn finish(self, acc: Option<Vec<T>>, _keyword: &'static str) -> Result<Vec<T>, EP> {
        Ok(acc.unwrap_or_default())
    }
    fn debug_core(self) -> &'static str {
        "Vec<_>"
    }
}
impl<T> ItemSetMethods for MultiplicitySelector<RetainedOrderVec<T>> {
    type Each = T;
    type Field = RetainedOrderVec<T>;
    // We always have None, or Some(nonempty)
    fn can_accumulate(self, _acc: &Option<RetainedOrderVec<T>>) -> Result<(), EP> {
        Ok(())
    }
    fn accumulate(self, acc: &mut Option<RetainedOrderVec<T>>, item: T) -> Result<(), EP> {
        acc.get_or_insert_default().0.push(item);
        Ok(())
    }
    fn finish(
        self,
        acc: Option<RetainedOrderVec<T>>,
        _keyword: &'static str,
    ) -> Result<RetainedOrderVec<T>, EP> {
        Ok(acc.unwrap_or_default())
    }
    fn debug_core(self) -> &'static str {
        "RetainedOrderVec<_>"
    }
}
impl<T: Ord> ItemSetMethods for MultiplicitySelector<BTreeSet<T>> {
    type Each = T;
    type Field = BTreeSet<T>;
    // We always have None, or Some(nonempty)
    fn can_accumulate(self, _acc: &Option<BTreeSet<T>>) -> Result<(), EP> {
        Ok(())
    }
    fn accumulate(self, acc: &mut Option<BTreeSet<T>>, item: T) -> Result<(), EP> {
        if !acc.get_or_insert_default().insert(item) {
            return Err(EP::ItemRepeated);
        }
        Ok(())
    }
    fn finish(self, acc: Option<BTreeSet<T>>, _keyword: &'static str) -> Result<BTreeSet<T>, EP> {
        Ok(acc.unwrap_or_default())
    }
    fn debug_core(self) -> &'static str {
        "BTreeSet<_>"
    }
}
impl<T> ItemSetMethods for MultiplicitySelector<Option<T>> {
    type Each = T;
    type Field = Option<T>;
    // We always have None, or Some(Some(_))
    fn can_accumulate(self, acc: &Option<Option<T>>) -> Result<(), EP> {
        if acc.is_some() {
            Err(EP::ItemRepeated)?;
        }
        Ok(())
    }
    // We always have None, or Some(Some(_))
    fn accumulate(self, acc: &mut Option<Option<T>>, item: T) -> Result<(), EP> {
        self.can_accumulate(acc)?;
        *acc = Some(Some(item));
        Ok(())
    }
    fn finish(self, acc: Option<Option<T>>, _keyword: &'static str) -> Result<Option<T>, EP> {
        Ok(acc.flatten())
    }
    fn debug_core(self) -> &'static str {
        "Option<_>"
    }
}
impl<T> ItemSetMethods for &'_ MultiplicitySelector<T> {
    type Each = T;
    type Field = T;
    fn can_accumulate(self, acc: &Option<T>) -> Result<(), EP> {
        if acc.is_some() {
            Err(EP::ItemRepeated)?;
        }
        Ok(())
    }
    fn accumulate(self, acc: &mut Option<T>, item: T) -> Result<(), EP> {
        self.can_accumulate(acc)?;
        *acc = Some(item);
        Ok(())
    }
    fn finish(self, acc: Option<T>, keyword: &'static str) -> Result<T, EP> {
        acc.ok_or(EP::MissingItem { keyword })
    }
    fn debug_core(self) -> &'static str {
        // This appears in #[deftly(netdoc(debug))] output for singleton fields.
        // We probably don't want the macros' users to have to think about our
        // autoref-specialisation.  So we don't write anything about `&` here.
        "1"
    }
}

/// Method for handling some multiplicity of Arguments
///
/// **For use by macros**.
///
/// See the [module-level docs](multiplicity), and
/// [Field type in `ItemValueParseable`](derive_deftly_template_ItemValueParseable#field-type).
///
/// # Example
///
/// The code in the (derive) macro output is roughly like this:
///
/// ```
/// use tor_netdoc::parse2::multiplicity::{MultiplicitySelector, ArgumentSetMethods as _};
/// use tor_netdoc::parse2::{ItemArgumentParseable, ItemStream, ParseInput};
/// let doc = "intro-item 12 66\n";
/// let input = ParseInput::new(doc, "<literal>");
/// let mut items = ItemStream::new(&input).unwrap();
/// let mut item = items.next().unwrap().unwrap();
///
/// let args = MultiplicitySelector::<Vec<i32>>::default()
///     .parse_with(item.args_mut(), ItemArgumentParseable::from_args)
///     .unwrap();
/// assert_eq!(args, [12, 66]);
/// ```
//
// When implementing this, update the documentation in the `ItemValueParseable` derive.
pub trait ArgumentSetMethods: Copy + Sized {
    /// The value for each Item.
    ///
    /// Should match the corresponding
    /// [`encode::MultiplicityMethods::Each`].
    /// (See docs there for rationale.)
    type Each: Sized;

    /// The output type: the type of the field in the Item struct.
    ///
    /// This is *not* the type of an individual netdoc argument;
    /// that is not explicitly represented in the trait.
    type Field: Sized;

    /// Parse zero or more argument(s) into `Self::Field`.
    fn parse_with<P>(self, args: &mut ArgumentStream<'_>, parser: P) -> Result<Self::Field, AE>
    where
        P: for<'s> Fn(&mut ArgumentStream<'s>) -> Result<Self::Each, AE>;

    /// Multiplicity representation for `#[deftly(netdoc(debug))]` output, core
    ///
    /// Should generally be in a form like `Vec<_>`.
    ///
    /// See [`ItemSetMethods::debug_core`] and [`ArgumentSetMethods::argument_set_debug`].
    fn debug_core(self) -> &'static str;

    /// Multiplicity representation for `#[deftly(netdoc(debug))]` output
    ///
    /// See [`ItemSetMethods::item_set_debug`] and [`ArgumentSetMethods::debug_core`].
    fn argument_set_debug(self) -> impl Debug {
        DebugHelper("args", self.debug_core())
    }

    /// Check that the element type is an Argument
    ///
    /// For providing better error messages when struct fields don't implement the right trait.
    /// See `derive.rs`, and search for this method name.
    fn check_argument_value_parseable(self)
    where
        Self::Each: ItemArgumentParseable,
    {
    }
}
impl<T> ArgumentSetMethods for MultiplicitySelector<Vec<T>> {
    type Each = T;
    type Field = Vec<T>;
    fn parse_with<P>(self, args: &mut ArgumentStream<'_>, parser: P) -> Result<Self::Field, AE>
    where
        P: for<'s> Fn(&mut ArgumentStream<'s>) -> Result<Self::Each, AE>,
    {
        let mut acc = vec![];
        while args.something_to_yield() {
            acc.push(parser(args)?);
        }
        Ok(acc)
    }
    fn debug_core(self) -> &'static str {
        "Vec<_>"
    }
}
impl<T: Ord> ArgumentSetMethods for MultiplicitySelector<BTreeSet<T>> {
    type Each = T;
    type Field = BTreeSet<T>;
    fn parse_with<P>(self, args: &mut ArgumentStream<'_>, parser: P) -> Result<Self::Field, AE>
    where
        P: for<'s> Fn(&mut ArgumentStream<'s>) -> Result<Self::Each, AE>,
    {
        let mut acc = BTreeSet::new();
        while args.something_to_yield() {
            if !acc.insert(parser(args)?) {
                return Err(AE::Invalid);
            }
        }
        Ok(acc)
    }
    fn debug_core(self) -> &'static str {
        "BTreeSet<_>"
    }
}
impl<T> ArgumentSetMethods for MultiplicitySelector<Option<T>> {
    type Each = T;
    type Field = Option<T>;
    fn parse_with<P>(self, args: &mut ArgumentStream<'_>, parser: P) -> Result<Self::Field, AE>
    where
        P: for<'s> Fn(&mut ArgumentStream<'s>) -> Result<Self::Each, AE>,
    {
        if !args.something_to_yield() {
            return Ok(None);
        }
        Ok(Some(parser(args)?))
    }
    fn debug_core(self) -> &'static str {
        "Option<_>"
    }
}
impl<T> ArgumentSetMethods for &MultiplicitySelector<T> {
    type Each = T;
    type Field = T;
    fn parse_with<P>(self, args: &mut ArgumentStream<'_>, parser: P) -> Result<Self::Field, AE>
    where
        P: for<'s> Fn(&mut ArgumentStream<'s>) -> Result<Self::Each, AE>,
    {
        parser(args)
    }
    fn debug_core(self) -> &'static str {
        "1"
    }
}

/// Method for handling some multiplicity of Objects
///
/// **For use by macros**.
///
/// See the [module-level docs](multiplicity), and
/// [Field type in `ItemValueParseable`](derive_deftly_template_ItemValueParseable#field-type).
///
/// # Example
///
/// The code in the (derive) macro output is roughly like this:
///
/// ```
/// use tor_netdoc::parse2::multiplicity::{MultiplicitySelector, ObjectSetMethods as _};
/// use tor_netdoc::parse2::{ItemStream, ParseInput};
/// let doc = "intro-item\n-----BEGIN OBJECT-----\naGVsbG8=\n-----END OBJECT-----\n";
/// let input = ParseInput::new(doc, "<literal>");
/// let mut items = ItemStream::new(&input).unwrap();
/// let mut item = items.next().unwrap().unwrap();
///
/// let selector = MultiplicitySelector::<Option<String>>::default();
/// let obj = item.object().map(|obj| {
///     let data = obj.decode_data().unwrap();
///     String::from_utf8(data)
/// }).transpose().unwrap();
/// let obj = selector.resolve_option(obj).unwrap();
/// assert_eq!(obj, Some("hello".to_owned()));
/// ```
pub trait ObjectSetMethods: Copy + Sized {
    /// The value for each Item.
    ///
    /// Should match the corresponding
    /// [`encode::OptionalityMethods::Each`].
    /// (See [`encode::MultiplicityMethods::Each`] for rationale.)
    type Each: Sized;

    /// The output type: the type of the field in the Item struct.
    type Field: Sized;

    /// Parse zero or more argument(s) into `Self::Field`.
    fn resolve_option(self, found: Option<Self::Each>) -> Result<Self::Field, EP>;

    /// Multiplicity representation for `#[deftly(netdoc(debug))]` output, core
    ///
    /// Should generally be in a form like `Option<_>`.
    ///
    /// See [`ItemSetMethods::debug_core`] and [`ObjectSetMethods::object_set_debug`].
    fn debug_core(self) -> &'static str;

    /// Multiplicity representation for `#[deftly(netdoc(debug))]` output
    ///
    /// See [`ItemSetMethods::item_set_debug`] and [`ObjectSetMethods::debug_core`].
    fn object_set_debug(self) -> impl Debug {
        DebugHelper("object", self.debug_core())
    }

    /// If the contained type is `ItemObjectParseable`, call its `check_label`
    fn check_label(self, label: &str) -> Result<(), EP>
    where
        Self::Each: ItemObjectParseable,
    {
        Self::Each::check_label(label)
    }

    /// Check that the contained type can be parsed as an object
    fn check_object_parseable(self)
    where
        Self::Each: ItemObjectParseable,
    {
    }
}
impl<T> ObjectSetMethods for MultiplicitySelector<Option<T>> {
    type Field = Option<T>;
    type Each = T;
    fn resolve_option(self, found: Option<Self::Each>) -> Result<Self::Field, EP> {
        Ok(found)
    }
    fn debug_core(self) -> &'static str {
        "Option<_>"
    }
}
impl<T> ObjectSetMethods for &MultiplicitySelector<T> {
    type Field = T;
    type Each = T;
    fn resolve_option(self, found: Option<Self::Each>) -> Result<Self::Field, EP> {
        found.ok_or(EP::MissingObject)
    }
    fn debug_core(self) -> &'static str {
        "1"
    }
}